feat: add new encoder and restructure project

app/routes/__init__.py

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+from .shortener import router as shortener_router

app/routes/shortener.py

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+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
+from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
+
+from app.db import database
+from app.models import Url
+from app.schemas import UrlPayload
+from app.services import encoder
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+@router.get("/{shortcode}")
+async def redirect_to_original_url(shortcode: str):
+    if not encoder.is_valid(shortcode):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Shortcode is not valid")
+
+    query = Url.__table__.select().where(Url.shortcode == shortcode)
+    url_result = await database.fetch_one(query)
+
+    if url_result:
+        return RedirectResponse(url=url_result.url, status_code=302)
+    else:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Shortcode not found")
+
+
+@router.post("/shorten")
+async def create_url_shortcode(url_payload: UrlPayload):
+    original_url = str(url_payload.url)
+
+    query = "SELECT nextval('urls_id_seq')"
+    next_id = await database.fetch_val(query)
+    shortcode = encoder.encode(next_id)
+
+    try:
+        query = Url.__table__.insert().values({
+            "id": next_id,
+            "url": original_url,
+            "shortcode": shortcode
+        })
+        await database.execute(query)
+
+        return {"shortcode": shortcode, "original_url": original_url}
+    except IntegrityError as e:
+        if 'shortcode' in str(e):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="Shortcode already in use")
+        else:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Internal Server Error")